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Load balancing systems, comprising a central dispatcher and a schedulingpolicy at each server, are widely used in practice, and their response time hasbeen extensively studied in the theoretical literature. While much is knownabout the scenario where the scheduling at the servers isFirst-Come-First-Served (FCFS), to minimize mean response time we must useShortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT) scheduling at the servers. Much lessis known about dispatching polices when SRPT scheduling is used. Unfortunately,traditional dispatching policies that are used in practice in systems with FCFSservers often have poor performance in systems with SRPT servers. In thispaper, we devise a simple fix that can be applied to any dispatching policy.This fix, called guardrails, ensures that the dispatching policy yields optimalmean response time under heavy traffic when used in a system with SRPT servers.Any dispatching policy, when augmented with guardrails, becomes heavy-trafficoptimal. Our results yield the first analytical bounds on mean response timefor load balancing systems with SRPT scheduling at the servers.

Load Balancing Guardrails: Keeping Your Heavy Traffic on the Road to Low Response Times