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In-vivo sensing, diagnosis and treatment of diseases is having a greatattention lately. With advanced computational systems, the processing of thebiological data as well as the prediction of diagnosis is becoming morepromising. However, the implementation of these systems inside the human bodyhas a major challenge; modeling the communication channel. To overcome thisproblem, researchers are investigating the main factors that define thecharacteristics of the communication channel between nano-devices. In thiswork, we summarize the elements that contribute to the path loss encountered byan EM wave traveling in water, skin or epidermis. Then, the impact ofnano-antenna directivity on the EM propagating wave is studied along with thefrequency and the communication distance. The simulation results show that thenano-antenna directivity seems to have minor contributions 5 to 7 dB on thetotal path loss inside the human body with respect to the distance 2 to 30 dBand frequency 10 to 15 dB.

Nano-Antenna Directivity for Electromagnetic Propagation in WBANs