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Undetectable wireless transmissions are fundamental to avoid eavesdroppers.To address this issue, wireless steganography hides covert information insideprimary information by slightly modifying the transmitted waveform such thatprimary information will still be decodable, while covert information will beseen as noise by agnostic receivers. Since the addition of covert informationinevitably decreases the SNR of the primary transmission, key challenges inwireless steganography are: i) to assess the impact of the covert channel onthe primary channel as a function of different channel conditions; and ii) tomake sure that the covert channel is undetectable. Existing approaches areprotocol-specific, also we notice that existing wireless technologies rely onphase-keying modulations that in most cases do not use the channel up to itsShannon capacity. Therefore, the residual capacity can be leveraged toimplement a wireless system based on a pseudo-noise asymmetric shift keying(PN-ASK) modulation, where covert symbols are mapped by shifting the amplitudeof primary symbols. This way, covert information will be undetectable, since areceiver expecting phase-modulated symbols will see their shift in amplitude asan effect of channel/path loss degradation. We first investigate the SER ofPN-ASK as a function of the channel; then, we find the optimal PN-ASKparameters that optimize primary and covert throughput under different channelcondition. We evaluate the throughput performance and undetectability of PN-ASKthrough extensive simulations and on an experimental testbed based on USRP N210software-defined radios. We show that PN-ASK improves the throughput by morethan 8x with respect to prior art. Finally, we demonstrate through experimentsthat PN-ASK is able to transmit covert data on top of IEEE 802.11g frames,which are correctly decoded by an off-the-shelf laptop WiFi.

Hiding Data in Plain Sight: Undetectable Wireless Communications Through Pseudo-Noise Asymmetric Shift Keying