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Since a long time the application of small electric potentials on biologicalmembranes (iontophoresis) proved enabling control and improvement oftransdermal delivery of substances across this barrier. In spite of a largeexperimental data, the detailed molecular mechanism of iontophoresis is absent.In the present work the interaction among the external continuous electricfield with the outermost layer of the skin (\textit{stratum corneum}) wasstudied by coarse-grained molecular dynamics. Our results pointed out theoccurrence of water-rich vesicles formation depending on the field strength.The corresponding phase diagram indicated that the large set of phenomena(vesicle formation, reversibility, phase transition, disruption) could becompletely controlled by tuning external continuous electric fields.Interestingly, electric field shielding effects are in the origin of observedeffects and followed a general Arrhenius-like time dependence. Direct current(DC) electric field usage would also have booster diffusion effects due tovesicles creation and reincorporation which would have direct beneficialabsorption effects on water-soluble topical agents (vitamins) or dermaljet-injection of drugs by fine needles.

Tuning the Transdermal Transport by Application of External Continuous Electric Field: A Molecular Dynamics Coarse-Grained Study