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The intrinsic random nature of quantum physics offers novel tools for thegeneration of random numbers, a central challenge for a plethora of fields.Bell non-local correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states allowfor the generation of bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed in adevice-independent manner, i.e. without assumptions on the measurement andstate-generation devices. Here, we generate this strong form of certifiedrandomness on a new platform: the so-called instrumental scenario, which iscentral to the field of causal inference. First, we theoretically show thatcertified random bits, private against general quantum adversaries, can beextracted exploiting device-independent quantum instrumental-inequalityviolations. To that end, we adapt techniques previously developed for the Bellscenario. Then, we experimentally implement the correspondingrandomness-generation protocol using entangled photons and active feed-forwardof information. Moreover, we show that, for low levels of noise, our protocoloffers an advantage over the simplest Bell-nonlocality protocol based on theClauser-Horn-Shimony-Holt inequality.

Experimental device-independent certified randomness generation with an instrumental causal structure