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Inkjet-printed wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) are considered to bevery promising due to excellent processing and environmental benefits offeredby digital fabrication technique. Inkjet-printing of conductive metallic inkssuch as silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are well-established and that ofgraphene-based inks is of great interest due to multi-functional properties ofgraphene-based materials. However, poor ink stability at higher grapheneconcentration and the cost associated with the higher Ag loading in metal inkshave limited their wider use. Moreover, graphene-based e-textiles reported sofar are mainly based on graphene derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) orreduced graphene oxide (rGO), which suffers from poor electrical conductivity.Here we report inkjet printing of highly conductive and cost-effectivegraphene/Ag composite inks for wearable e-textiles applications. The compositeinks were formulated, characterised and inkjet-printed onto PEL paper first andthen sintered at 150 C for 1 hr. The sheet resistance of the printed patternsis found to be in the range of ~0.08 - 4.74 ohm/sq depending on the number ofprint layers and the graphene/Ag ratio in the formulation. The optimisedcomposite ink was then successfully printed onto surface pre-treated (by inkjetprinting) cotton fabrics in order to produce all-inkjet-printed highlyconductive and cost-effective electronic textiles.

All Inkjet-Printed Graphene-Silver Composite Inks for Highly Conductive Wearable E-Textiles Applications