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Nanoscale thermometry is paramount to study primary processes of heattransfer in solids and is a subject of hot debate in cell biology. Here wereport ultrafast temperature sensing using all-optical thermometry exploitingsynthetic nanodiamonds with silicon-vacancy (SiV) centres embedded at a highconcentration. Using multi-parametric analysis of photoluminescence (PL) ofthese centres, we have achieved an intrinsic noise floor of about 10 mKHz$^{-1/2}$, which is a thousand-fold increase in the readout speed incomparison to the current record values demonstrated with all-optical methodsof comparable spatial-resolution and precision. Our thermometers are smallerthan 250-nm across but can detect a 0.4$^\circ$C change of temperature in ameasurement taking only 0.001 second. The exceptional sensitivity andsimplicity of these thermometers enable a wide range of applications such astemperature monitoring and mapping within intracellular regions and instate-of-the-art solid-state electronic nanodevices.

Ultrasensitive all-optical thermometry using nanodiamonds with high concentration of silicon-vacancy centres and multiparametric data analysis