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Analysis of distortions of the crystal lattice within individual mineralgrains is central to the investigation of microscale processes that control andrecord tectonic events. These distortions are generally combinations of latticerotations and elastic strains, but a lack of suitable observational techniqueshas prevented these components being mapped simultaneously and routinely inearth science laboratories. However, the technique of high-angular resolutionelectron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) provides the opportunity tosimultaneously map lattice rotations and elastic strains with exceptionalprecision, on the order of 0.01 degree for rotations and 10-4 in strain, usinga scanning electron microscope. Importantly, these rotations and latticestrains relate to densities of geometrically necessary dislocations andresidual stresses. Recent works have begun to apply and adapt HR-EBSD togeological minerals, highlighting the potential of the technique to provide newinsights into the microphysics of rock deformation. Therefore, the purpose ofthis overview is to provide a summary of the technique, to identify caveats andtargets for further development, and to suggest areas where it offers potentialfor major advances. In particular, HREBSD is well suited to characterising theroles of different dislocation types during crystal plastic deformation and tomapping heterogeneous internal stress fields associated with specificdeformation mechanisms/microstructures or changes in temperature, confiningpressure, or applied deviatoric stress. These capabilities make HR-EBSD aparticularly powerful new technique for analysing the microstructures ofdeformed geological materials.

High-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction as a new tool for mapping lattice distortion in geological minerals