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Changing dietary habits and keeping food diary encourages fewer calorieconsumption, and thus weight loss. Studies have shown that people who keep fooddiary are more successful in losing weight and keeping it off. However, nostudy has investigated the nutritional values produced by food journalingapplications. This is crucial since keeping food diaries helps identify areaswhere changes needed to help user's loss weight, based on the applicationfeedback. To achieve this, the provided data should be consistent among allapplications. Otherwise, this will question the effectiveness and reliabilityof such tools in tracking diet and weight loss, and hence question user trustin these applications. This study characterizes the use of 4 food journalingapplications to track user diet for 10 days (namely, MyFitnessPal, Lose It,FatSecret, CRONOMeter). We measured variations between the output of eachapplication. The findings revealed an inconsistent and a variation in theoutput feedback given by all the 4 tools. Although some tools provided closervalues, still their data were different and inconsistent. Moreover, some toolswere missing essential nutritional fact data, such as sugar and fiber. Weadditionally compared a sample of food items common among all tools with theSwiss Food Composition Database and checked for their consistency with the sameitems in the database. The evaluation of the applications showed a gap in thedata consistency among applications and the FCD, and questions how reliablethey are for food logging and diet tracking. This study contributes to currentresearch in health and wellbeing and can be referenced by researchers toprovide deeper insights into the data consistency. Future work should examineways to provide precise output that is common among all applications, so toguarantee the effect on weight loss.

Comparison of Self-monitoring Feedback Data from Electronic Food and Nutrition Tracking Tools