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Discriminatory caste attitudes currently stigmatize millions of Indians,subjecting individuals to prejudice in all aspects of life. Governmentalincentives and societal movements have attempted to counter these attitudes,yet accurate measurements of public opinions on caste are not yet available forunderstanding whether progress is being made. Here, we introduce a novelapproach to measure public attitudes of caste through an indicator variable:openness to intercaste marriage. Using a massive dataset of over 313K profilesfrom a major Indian matrimonial site, we precisely quantify public attitudes,along with differences between generations and between Indian residents anddiaspora. We show that younger generations are more open to intercastemarriage, yet attitudes are based on a complex function of social status beyondtheir own caste. In examining the desired qualities in a spouse, we find thatindividuals open to intercaste marriage are more individualistic in thequalities they desire, rather than favoring family-related qualities, whichmirrors larger societal trends away from collectivism. Finally, we show thatattitudes in diaspora are significantly less open, suggesting a bi-culturalmodel of integration. Our research provides the first empirical evidenceidentifying how various intersections of identity shape attitudes towardintercaste marriage in India and among the Indian diaspora in the US.

Smart, Responsible, and Upper Caste Only: Measuring Caste Attitudes through Large-Scale Analysis of Matrimonial Profiles