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Computational biomechanics of the brain for neurosurgery is an emerging areaof research recently gaining in importance and practical applications. Thisreview paper presents the contributions of the Intelligent Systems for MedicineLaboratory and it's collaborators to this field, discussing the modelingapproaches adopted and the methods developed for obtaining the numericalsolutions. We adopt a physics-based modeling approach, and describe the braindeformation in mechanical terms (such as displacements, strains and stresses),which can be computed using a biomechanical model, by solving a continuummechanics problem. We present our modeling approaches related to geometrycreation, boundary conditions, loading and material properties. From the pointof view of solution methods, we advocate the use of fully nonlinear modelingapproaches, capable of capturing very large deformations and nonlinear materialbehavior. We discuss finite element and meshless domain discretization, the useof the Total Lagrangian formulation of continuum mechanics, and explicit timeintegration for solving both time-accurate and steady state problems. Wepresent the methods developed for handling contacts and for warping 3D medicalimages using the results of our simulations. We present two examples toshowcase these methods: brain shift estimation for image registration and braindeformation computation for neuronavigation in epilepsy treatment.

Biomechanical modeling and computer simulation of the brain during neurosurgery