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Traumatic injuries are measured using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS),which is a risk to life scale. New human computer models use stresses andstrains to evaluate whether serious or fatal injuries are reached,unfortunately these tensors bear no direct relation to AIS. This paper proposesto overcome this deficiency and suggests a unique Organ Trauma Model (OTM) ableto calculate the risk to life based on the severity on any organ injury,focussing on real-life pedestrian accidents. The OTM uses a power method, namedPeak Virtual Power (PVP), and calculates the risk to life of brain white andgrey matters as a function of impact direction and impact speed. The OTMfirstly calibrates PVP against the medical critical AIS threshold observed ineach part of the head as a function of speed. This base PVP critical traumafunction is then scaled and banded across all AIS levels using the confirmedproperty that AIS and the probability of death is statistically and numericallya cubic one. The OTM model has been tested against four real-life pedestrianaccidents and proven to be able to predict pedestrian head trauma severity. Insome cases, the method did however under-estimate the head trauma by 1 AISlevel, because of post-impact haemorrhage which cannot be captured with theemployed Lagrangian Finite Element (FE) solver. It is also shown that thelocation of the injury predictions using PVP coincide with the post mortemreports and are different to the predictions made using maximum principalstrain.

A Deterministic Method to Calculate the AIS Trauma Score from a Finite Element Organ Trauma Model (OTM)