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According to the theory of cosmic inflation, the large scale structuresobserved in our Universe (galaxies, clusters of galaxies, Cosmic BackgroundMicrowave - CMB - anisotropy ...) are of quantum mechanical origin. They arenothing but vacuum fluctuations, stretched to cosmological scales by the cosmicexpansion and amplified by gravitational instability. At the end of inflation,these perturbations are placed in a two-mode squeezed state with the strongestsqueezing ever produced in Nature (much larger than anything that can be madein the laboratory on Earth). This article studies whether astrophysicalobservations could unambiguously reveal this quantum origin by borrowing ideasfrom quantum information theory. It is argued that some of the tools needed tocarry out this task have been discussed long ago by J. Bell in a, so far,largely unrecognized contribution. A detailed study of his paper and of thecriticisms that have been put forward against his work is presented. AlthoughJ. Bell could not have realized it when he wrote his letter since the quantumstate of cosmological perturbations was not yet fully characterized at thattime, it is also shown that Cosmology and cosmic inflation represent the mostinteresting frameworks to apply the concepts he investigated. This confirmsthat cosmic inflation is not only a successful paradigm to understand the earlyUniverse. It is also the only situation in Physics where one crucially needsGeneral Relativity and Quantum Mechanics to derive the predictions of a theoryand, where, at the same time, we have high-accuracy data to test thesepredictions, making inflation a playground of utmost importance to discussfoundational issues in Quantum Mechanics

Cosmic Inflation, Quantum Information and the Pioneering Role of John S Bell in Cosmology