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This paper analyzes the distracted pedestrians' waiting time before crossingthe road in three conditions: 1) not distracted, 2) distracted with asmartphone and 3) distracted with a smartphone in the presence of virtualflashing LED lights on the crosswalk as a safety measure. For the means of datacollection, we adapted an in-house developed virtual immersive realityenvironment (VIRE). A total of 42 volunteers participated in the experiment.Participants' positions and head movements were recorded and used to calculatewalking speeds, acceleration and deceleration rates, surrogate safety measures,time spent playing smartphone game, etc. After a descriptive analysis on thedata, the effects of these variables on pedestrians' waiting time are analyzedby employing a cox proportional hazard model. Several factors were identifiedas having impact on waiting time. The results show that an increase in initialwalk speed, percentage of time the head was oriented toward smartphone duringcrossing, bigger minimum missed gaps and unsafe crossings resulted in shorterwaiting times. On the other hand, an increase in the percentage of time thehead was oriented toward smartphone during waiting time, crossing time and mazesolving time, means longer waiting times for participants.

Analysis of distracted pedestrians' waiting time: Head-Mounted Immersive Virtual Reality application