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It is well known that skyrmions can be driven using spin-orbit torques due tothe spin-Hall effect. Here we show an additional contribution in multilayeredstacks arises from vertical spin currents due to inter-layer diffusion of aspin accumulation generated at a skyrmion. This additional interfacial spintorque is similar in form to the in-plane spin transfer torque, but issignificantly enhanced in ultra-thin films and acts in the opposite directionto the electron flow. The combination of this diffusive spin torque and thespin-orbit torque results in skyrmion motion which helps to explain theobservation of small skyrmion Hall angles even with moderate magnetisationdamping values. Further, the effect of material imperfections on thresholdcurrents and skyrmion Hall angle is also investigated. Topographical surfaceroughness, as small as a single monolayer variation, is shown to be animportant contributing factor in ultra-thin films, resulting in good agreementwith experimental observations.

Effect of inter-layer spin diffusion on skyrmion motion in magnetic multilayers