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Quality randomness is fundamental to cryptographic operations but on embeddedsystems good sources are (seemingly) hard to find. Rather than use expensivecustom hardware, our ERHARD-RNG Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) utilizesentropy sources that are already common in a range of low-cost embeddedplatforms. We empirically evaluate the entropy provided by three sources---SRAMstartup state, oscillator jitter, and device temperature---and integrate thosesources into a full Pseudo-Random Number Generator implementation based onFortuna. Our system addresses a number of fundamental challenges affectingrandom number generation on embedded systems. For instance, we propose SRAMstartup state as a means to efficiently generate the initial seed---even forsystems that do not have writeable storage. Further, the system's use ofoscillator jitter allows for the continuous collection of entropy-generatingevents---even for systems that do not have the user-generated events that arecommonly used in general-purpose systems for entropy, e.g., key presses ornetwork events.

ERHARD-RNG: A Random Number Generator Built from Repurposed Hardware in Embedded Systems