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We consider a cognitive radio-based Internet-of-Things (CR-IoT) networkconsisting of one primary IoT (PIoT) system and one secondary IoT (SIoT)system. The IoT devices of both the PIoT and the SIoT respectively monitor onephysical process and send randomly generated status updates to their associatedaccess points (APs). The timeliness of the status updates is important as thesystems are interested in the latest condition (e.g., temperature, speed andposition) of the IoT device. In this context, two natural questions arise: (1)How to characterize the timeliness of the status updates in CR-IoT systems? (2)Which scheme, overlay or underlay, is better in terms of the timeliness of thestatus updates. To answer these two questions, we adopt a new performancemetric, named the age of information (AoI). We analyze the average peak AoI ofthe PIoT and the SIoT for overlay and underlay schemes, respectively. Simpleasymptotic expressions of the average peak AoI are also derived when the PIoToperates at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the asymptoticexpressions, we characterize a critical generation rate of the PIoT system,which can determine the superiority of overlay and underlay schemes in terms ofthe average peak AoI of the SIoT. Numerical results validate the theoreticalanalysis and uncover that the overlay and underlay schemes can outperform eachother in terms of the average peak AoI of the SIoT for different system setups.

Minimizing Age of Information in Cognitive Radio-based IoT Systems: Underlay or Overlay?