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With the epochal first detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutronstar (NS) merger with the GW170817 event, and its direct confirmation thatNS-NS mergers are significant sources of the of the r-process nucleosynthesisof heavy elements, an immense new arena for prompt EM (X-rays through IR andradio) studies of fundamental physics has been opened. Over the next decade, GWobservatories will expand in scale and sensitivity so the need for facilitiesthat can provide prompt, high sensitivity, broad-band EM followup becomes moreurgent. NS-NS or NS-black hole (BH) mergers will be instantly recognized (andannounced) by the LIGO-international collaboration. LSST will be a primeresource for rapid tiling of what will usually be large (~10-100 degreesquared) error boxes. X-ray through IR Telescopes in space with (nearly)full-sky access that can rapidly image and tile are crucial for providing theearliest imaging and spectroscopic studies of the kilonova emission immediatelyfollowing NS-NS mergers. The Time-domain Spectroscopic Observatory (TSO) is aproposed Probe-class 1.3 m telescope at L2, with imaging and spectroscopy (R =200, 1800) in 4 bands (0.3 - 5 micron) and rapid slew capability to 90% of sky.TSO nUV-mid-IR spectra will enable new constraints on NS structure andnucleosynthesis.

Kilonovae: nUV/Optical/IR Counterparts of Neutron Star Binary Mergers with TSO