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The evolution of drone technology in the past nine years since the firstcommercial drone was introduced at CES 2010 has caused many individuals andbusinesses to adopt drones for various purposes. We are currently living in anera in which drones are being used for pizza delivery, the shipment of goods,and filming, and they are likely to provide an alternative for transportationin the near future. However, drones also pose a significant challenge in termsof security and privacy within society (for both individuals andorganizations), and many drone related incidents are reported on a daily basis.These incidents have called attention to the need to detect and disable dronesused for malicious purposes and opened up a new area of research anddevelopment for academia and industry, with a market that is expected to reach$1.85 billion by 2024. While some of the knowledge used to detect UAVs has beenadopted for drone detection, new methods have been suggested by industry andacademia alike to deal with the challenges associated with detecting the verysmall and fast flying objects. In this paper, we describe new societal threatsto security and privacy created by drones, and present academic and industrialmethods used to detect and disable drones. We review methods targeted at areasthat restrict drone flights and analyze their effectiveness with regard tovarious factors (e.g., weather, birds, ambient light, etc.). We present thechallenges arising in areas that allow drone flights, introduce the methodsthat exist for dealing with these challenges, and discuss the scientific gapsthat exist in this area. Finally, we review methods used to disable drones,analyze their effectiveness, and present their expected results. Finally, wesuggest future research directions.

SoK - Security and Privacy in the Age of Drones: Threats, Challenges, Solution Mechanisms, and Scientific Gaps