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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) experiences several technical challenges suchas limited energy, short transmission range, limited storage capacities, andlimited computational capabilities. Moreover, the sensor nodes are deployedrandomly and massively over an inaccessible or hostile region. Hence WSNs arevulnerable to adversaries and are usually operated in a dynamic and unreliableenvironment. Animal tracking using wireless sensors is one such application ofWSN where power management plays a vital role. In this paper, anenergy-efficient hybrid routing method is proposed that divides the wholenetwork into smaller regions based on sensor location and chooses the routingscheme accordingly. The sensor network consists of a base station (BS) locatedat a distant place outside the network, and a relay node is placed inside thenetwork for direct communications from nodes nearer to it. The nodes arefurther divided into two categories based on the supplied energy; such that theones located far away from BS and relay have higher energy than the nodesnearer to them. The network performance of the proposed method is compared withprotocols like LEACH, SEP, and SNRP, considering parameters like stabilityperiod, throughput and energy consumption. Simulation result shows that theproposed method outperforms other methods with better network performance.

Hybrid Heterogeneous Routing Scheme for Improved Network Performance in WSNs for Animal Tracking