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This paper studies the power allocation of an ultra-dense cellular networkconsisting of multiple full-duplex (FD) base stations (BSs) serving a largenumber of half-duplex (HD) user equipments (UEs) located in a wide geographicalarea. Each BS consists of a baseband unit (BBU) that is responsible for signalprocessing and base station control, and a radio remote unit (RRU) thatcorresponds to a radio transceiver remotely built closer to the UEs. Weconsider a wireless-powered cellular network in which the BBU can periodicallycharge the RRU. We model the energy efficiency and coverage optimizationproblem for this network as a mean field game. We consider the weighted energyefficiency of the BS as the main performance metrics and evaluate the optimalstrategy that can be adopted by the FD BSs in an ultra-dense network setting.Based on the interference and network energy efficiency models of the meanfield game theory, Nash equilibrium of our proposed game is derived. Utilizingsolutions of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) and Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK)equations, a new power transmission strategy is developed for the BSs tooptimize the energy efficiency of 5G cellular networks with full duplextransmissions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy not onlyimproves the energy efficiency but also ensures the average network coverageprobability converges to a stable level.

Energy Efficient Optimization of Wireless-powered 5G Full Duplex Cellular Networks: A Mean Field Game Approach