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Wireless Sensor Networks have recently attracted many researchers attentionsdue to their wide range of applications. Even though a plethora of studies havebeen carried out on characteristics, special conditions, and various aspects ofWSNs, transport protocol which is compatible with conditions of Wireless SensorNetworks has not been considerably addressed. Wireless Sensor Networks havelimitations such as storage space, energy resources, and wireless communicationissues. Accordingly, widely-used transport protocols like Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP) may not enjoy sufficient efficiency in such networks. In thispaper, we study the characteristics of WSNs leading to design transport layerprotocol for WSNs and aim at evaluating the efficiency of TCP and its dependentprotocols (TCP variables), which are introduced to wireless networks. Wepropose to employ proxy nodes near sinks to improve the performance oftransport layer. Our NS-2 simulation results indicate that throughput andpacket delivery ratio are improved from 20 to 50 percent after employing proxynodes, while the average message delay is almost increased twice.

Effect of Proxy Nodes on the Performance of TCP-Based Transport Layer Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks