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Thermal noise is ubiquitous in microscopic systems and in high-precisionmeasurements. Controlling thermal noise, especially using laser light to applydissipation, substantially affects science in revealing the quantum regime ofgases, in searching for fundamental physics, and in realizing practicalapplications. Recently, nonlinear light-matter interactions in microresonatorshave opened up new classes of microscopic devices. A key example isKerr-microresonator frequency combs; so-called soliton microcombs not onlyexplore nonlinear science but also enable integrated-photonics devices, such asoptical synthesizers, optical clocks, and data-communications systems. Here, weexplore how thermal noise leads to fundamental decoherence of solitonmicrocombs. We show that a particle-like soliton exists in a state of thermalequilibrium with its silicon-chip-based resonator. Therefore the solitonmicrocomb's modal linewidth is thermally broadened. Our experiments utilizerecord sensitivity in carrier-envelope-offset frequency detection in order touncover this regime of strong thermal-noise correlations. Furthermore, we havediscovered that passive laser cooling of the soliton reduces thermaldecoherence to far below the ambient-temperature limit. We implement lasercooling by microresonator photothermal forcing, and we observe cooling of thefrequency-comb light to an effective temperature of 84 K. Our work illuminatesinherent connections between nonlinear photonics, microscopic physicalfluctuations, and precision metrology that could be harnessed for innovativedevices and methods to manipulate light.

Thermal decoherence and laser cooling of Kerr microresonator solitons