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We report high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study ofnano-sized Pb islands grown on SrTiO3, where three distinct types of gaps withdifferent energy scales are revealed. At low temperature, an enlargedsuperconducting gap ({\Delta}s) emerges while there is no enhancement insuperconducting transition temperature (Tc), giving rise to a larger BCS ratio2{\Delta}s/kBTc ~ 6.22. The strong coupling here may originate from theelectron-phonon coupling on the metal-oxide interface. As the superconductinggap is suppressed under applied magnetic field or at elevated temperature,Coulomb gap and pseudogap appear, respectively. The Coulomb gap is sensitive tothe lateral size of Pb islands, indicating that quantum size effect is able toinfluence electronic correlation, which is usually ignored in low-dimensionalsuperconductivity. Our experimental results shall shed important light on theinterplay between quantum size effect and correlations in nano-sizedsuperconductors.

Coulomb gap induced by electronic correlation and enlarged superconducting gap in laterally confined Pb islands grown on SrTiO3