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Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) enable efficient communication betweenvehicles with the aim of improving road safety. However, the growing number ofvehicles in dense regions and obstacle shadowing regions like Manhattan andother downtown areas leads to frequent disconnection problems resulting indisrupted radio wave propagation between vehicles. To address this issue and totransmit critical messages between vehicles and drones deployed from servicevehicles to overcome road incidents and obstacles, we proposed a hybridtechnique based on fog computing called Hybrid-Vehfog to disseminate messagesin obstacle shadowing regions, and multi-hop technique to disseminate messagesin non-obstacle shadowing regions. Our proposed algorithm dynamically adapts tochanges in an environment and benefits in efficiency with robust dronedeployment capability as needed. Performance of Hybrid-Vehfog is carried out inNetwork Simulator (NS-2) and Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) simulators.The results showed that Hybrid-Vehfog outperformed Cloud-assisted MessageDownlink Dissemination Scheme (CMDS), Cross-Layer Broadcast Protocol (CLBP),PEer-to-Peer protocol for Allocated REsource (PrEPARE), Fog-Named DataNetworking (NDN) with mobility, and flooding schemes at all vehicle densitiesand simulation times.

Hybrid-Vehfog: A Robust Approach for Reliable Dissemination of Critical Messages in Connected Vehicles