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Lead is a naturally-occurring element. It has been known to man for a longtime, and it is one of the longest established poisons. The current consensusis that no level of lead exposure should be deemed "safe." New evidenceregarding the blood levels at which morbidities occur has prompted the CDC toreduce the screening guideline of 10 $\mu$g/dl to 2 $\mu$g/dl. Measurablecognitive decline (reduced IQ, academic deficits) have been found to occur atlevels below 10mg/dl.  Knowledge of lead pharmacology allows us to better understand its absorptionand metabolization, mechanisms that produce its medical consequences. Basedupon an original and very simplified compartmental model of Rabinowitz (1973)with only three major compartments (blood, bone and soft tissue), extensivebiophysical models sprouted over the following two decades. However, none ofthese models have been specifically designed to use new knowledge of leadmolecular dynamics to understand its deleterious effects on the brain. We buildand analyze a compartmental model of lead pharmacokinetics, focusedspecifically on addressing neurotoxicity. We use traditional phase spacemethods, parameter sensitivity analysis and bifurcation theory to study thetransitions in the system's behavior in response to various physiologicalparameters.  We conclude that modeling the complex interaction of lead and calcium alongtheir dynamic trajectory may successfully explain counter-intuitive effects onsystemic function and neural behavior which could not be addressed by existinglinear models. Our results encourage further efforts towards using nonlinearphenomenology in conjunction with empirically driven system parameters, toobtain a biophysical model able to provide clinical assessments andpredictions.

A pharmacokinetic model of lead absorption and calcium competitive dynamics