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In this paper, we propose two beamforming designs for a multiple-inputsingle-output non-orthogonal multiple access system considering the energyefficiency (EE) fairness between users. In particular, two quantitativefairness-based designs are developed to maintain fairness between the users interms of achieved EE: max-min energy efficiency (MMEE) and proportionalfairness (PF) designs. While the MMEE-based design aims to maximize the minimumEE of the users in the system, the PF-based design aims to seek a good balancebetween the global energy efficiency of the system and the EE fairness betweenthe users. Detailed simulation results indicate that our proposed designs offermany-fold EE improvements over the existing energy-efficient beamformingdesigns.

Energy Efficiency Fairness Beamforming Designs for MISO NOMA Systems