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Economical and environmental concerns necessitate research on designingenergy-efficient optical access network especially Ethernet Passive OpticalNetwork (EPON) which is one of the most widely accepted and deployed last-mileaccess network. In this paper, our primary focus is on designing a protocol forsaving energy at Optical Network Units (ONUs) while satisfying the ServiceLabel Agreement (SLA). The SLA of both Up-Stream (US) and Down-Stream (DS)traffic can be satisfied only if the EPON network can react to theirinstantaneous load change during sleep periods of ONUs and to the best of ourknowledge, there doesn't exist any such proposal. Towards this target, wepropose a mechanism that allows the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) to force ONUsto wake-up from sleep mode. Here, we demonstrate that if the OLT can distributethe active ONUs (transceivers are active) fairly among cycles then it providesa significant improvement in energy-efficiency. To achieve this, we formulatean ILP for fairly distributing active ONUs among cycles while satisfying theSLA of both US and DS traffic at the same time. A polynomial time$1$-approximation algorithm is proposed for solving this ILP. The convergenceand the complexity analysis of the algorithm are also performed. Extensivesimulations depict that fair distribution of ONUs reduces the power consumptionand average delay figure at the same time and the reduction increases with anincrement of the number of ONUs and round-trip time.

A 1-approximation algorithm for energy-efficient TDM-PON guaranteeing SLA of up-stream and down-stream traffic