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While more and more antennas are integrated into single mobile user equipmentto increase communication quality and throughput, the number of antennas usedfor transmission is commonly restricted due to the concerns on hardwarecomplexity and energy consumption, making it impossible to achieve the maximumchannel capacity. This paper investigates the problem of reconstructing thefull downlink channel from incomplete uplink channel measurements in MassiveMIMO systems. We present ARDI, a scheme that builds a bridge between the radiochannel and physical signal propagation environment to link spatial informationabout the non-transmitting antennas with their radio channels. By inferringlocations and orientations of the non-transmitting antennas from an incompleteset of uplink channels, ARDI can reconstruct the downlink channels fornon-transmitting antennas. We derive a closed-form solution to reconstructantenna orientation in both single-path and multi-path propagationenvironments. The performance of ARDI is evaluated using simulations withrealistic human movement. The results demonstrate that ARDI is capable ofaccurately reconstructing full downlink channels when the signal-to-noise ratiois higher than 15dB, thereby expanding the channel capacity of Massive MIMOnetworks.

Full Downlink Channel Reconstruction using Incomplete Uplink Channel Measurements in Massive MIMO networks