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A novel technique is proposed to optimize energy efficiency for wirelessnetworks based on hierarchical mobile clustering. The new bi-level clusteringtechnique minimizes mutual interference and energy consumption in large-scaletracking systems used in large public gatherings such as festivals and sportsevents. This technique tracks random movements of a large number people in abounded area by using a combination of smart-phone Bluetooth and Wi-Ficonnections. It can be effectively used for monitoring health conditions ofcrowd members and providing their locations and movement directions. An integerlinear programming (ILP) model of the problem is formulated to optimize theformation of clusters in a two-level hierarchical structure. In order toevaluate the proposed technique, it is compared to the optimum solutionsobtained from the ILP model for both single-level and two-level clustering.Moreover, a Matlab/Simulink simulation model is developed and used to test thetechnique performance under realistic operating conditions. The resultsdemonstrate a very good performance of the proposed technique.

Optimum Bi-level Hierarchical Clustering for Wireless Mobile Tracking Systems