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Charge unbalance is one of the key issues for series-connected Lithium-ioncells. Within this context, model-based optimization strategies have proven tobe the most effective. In the present paper, an ad-hoc electrochemical model,tailored to control purposes, is firstly presented. Relying on this latter, ageneral nonlinear MPC for balancing-aware optimal charging is then proposed. Inview of the possibility of a practical implementation, the concepts aresubsequently specialized for an easily implementable power supply scheme.Finally, the nonlinear MPC approach is validated on commercial cells using adetailed battery simulator, with sound evidence of its effectiveness.

Balancing-Aware Charging Strategy For Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Cells: A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Approach