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An ultrasonic transducer technology to generate wideband impulses using aone-dimensional chain of spheres was previously presented. The Hertzian contactbetween the spheres causes the nonlinearity of the system to increase, whichtransforms high amplitude narrowband sinusoidal input into a train of widebandimpulses. Generation of short duration ultrasonic pulses is desirable both indiagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound. Nevertheless, the biggest challenge interms of adaptation to biomedical ultrasound is the coupling of the ultrasonicenergy into biological tissue.  An analytical model was created to address the coupling issue. Effect of thematching layer was modelled as a flexible thin plate clamped from the edges.Model was verified against hydrophone measurements. Different couplingmaterials, such as glass, aluminium, acrylic, silicon rubber, and vitreouscarbon, was analysed with this model. Results showed that soft matching layerssuch as acrylic and rubber inhibit the generation of higher order harmonics.Between the hard matching materials, vitreous carbon achieved the best resultsdue to its acoustic impedance.

Coupling of Wideband Impulses Generated by Granular Chains into Liquids