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We present simulations of the capabilities of the Next Generation Very LargeArray to image at high angular resolution substructures in the dust emission ofprotoplanetary disks. The main goal of this study is to investigate the kindsof substructures that are expected by state-of-the-art 3D simulations of disksand that an instrument like the ngVLA, with its current design, can detect. Thedisk simulations adopted in this investigation consist of global 3Dradiation-hydrodynamics models with embedded particles, the latter representingdust grains. Our work shows that the ngVLA can detect and spatially resolve,down to sub-astronomical unit scales in disks in nearby star forming regions,the dust continuum emission at 3mm from azimuthal asymmetric structures, aswell as from weak rings and gaps produced in these models as a consequence ofthe vertical shear instability (VSI). This hydrodynamical instability has beenproposed to generate turbulence in regions of weak coupling between the diskgas and magnetic field, as well as to form vortices which may be preferredlocations of planetesimal formation.

Imaging the Distribution of Solids in Planet-forming Disks undergoing Hydrodynamical Instabilities with the Next Generation Very Large Array