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Atherosclerotic disease develops when there is endothelial dysfunction,making low density lipoproteins (LDL) which are cholesterol carriers travelingin the blood, very likely to penetrate the endothelium layer triggering theformation of the atheromatous plaque and leading to the obstruction of bloodvessels. For some time now, devices called stents have been used to re-open thelight of the plugged artery, allowing the restoration of blood flow. However,this treatment has disadvantages like developing intra-stent restenosis andprogression of the atherosclerosis, clogging the blood vessel again. For thesereasons it is necessary to develop new materials and strategies focused on theprevention and correction of this pathology and its subsequent complications.In the present work, a reduction and in situ nitrogen doping method in grapheneoxide (N-rGO) was studied. By means of XPS a 9.57% at of nitrogen doping wasdemonstrated and was found that the pyrrole type nitrogen is predominant. Dueto nitrogen doping and pyrrolic sites, the N-rGO surface reached high levels ofnegative electric charge, which was verified by Electrostatic Force Microscopy(EFM) and wettability tests between the LDL at different oxidation levels andthe synthesized N-rGO; contact angles between 95.7{\deg} and 130.4{\deg} wereobtained which indicates repulsion between both materials. The N-rGO was alsocharacterized by SEM and TEM where a wrinkled morphology typical of this typeof material was observed and the hexagonal atomic arrangement of GO isdistinguished. Finally, cell viability tests using3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay werecarried out on human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC) to analyze thecellular response at different concentrations of N-rGO, obtaining favorablebehavior up to concentrations of 100 ({\mu}g/mL).

Reduction and simultaneous doping of graphene oxide to repel LDL in treatment of atherosclerosis disease