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Analog Beamsteering (ABS) has emerged as a low complexity, power efficientsolution for MillimeterWave (mmWave) massive Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) systems. Moreover, driven by the low spatial correlation between theUser Terminals (UTs) with high number of transmit antennas (massive MIMO) atthe Base Station (BS), ABS can be used to support Multi User (MU) MIMOscenarios instead of digital or Hybrid Beamforming (HBF). However, we show inthis paper, that even with high number of transmit antennas, the HBF canachieve better Spectral Efficiency (SE) compared to the MU ABS even in pureLine of Sight (LoS) channels. Moreover, we prove that the MU ABS saturates to aconstant SE at high transmit Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and we theoreticallyderive an approximation to that saturation bound in this paper. On the otherhand, we highlight that the HBF's SE scales with the transmit SNR even in highSNR regime. Finally, given the same power consumption and hardware complexityas the MU ABS case, we show that HBF asymptotically achieves the optimal SE(ideal non interference scenario) when increasing the number of transmitantennas.

On the Theoretical Limits of Beam Steering in mmWave Massive MIMO Channels