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We present a family of replay attacks against sharded distributed ledgers,that target cross-shard consensus protocols, such as the recently proposedChainspace and Omniledger. They allow an attacker, with network access only, todouble-spend or lock resources with minimal efforts. The attacker can actindependently without colluding with any nodes, and succeed even if all nodesare honest; most of the attacks can also exhibit themselves as faults underperiods of asynchrony. These attacks are effective against both shard-led andclient-led cross-shard consensus approaches. Finally, we present Byzcuit - anew cross-shard consensus protocol that is immune to those attacks. Weimplement a prototype of Byzcuit and evaluate it on a real cloud-based testbed,showing that our defenses impact performance minimally, and overall performancesurpasses previous works.

Replay Attacks and Defenses Against Cross-shard Consensus in Sharded Distributed Ledgers