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We consider the management of sloping, long and thin, coastal aquifers. Wefirst develop a simple mathematical model, based on Darcy flow for porousmedia, which gives the water table height, and the flow velocity as a functionof the underground seepage rate, the recharge rates and the extraction rates,neglecting sea water intrusion. We then validate the model with recent datafrom the Germasogeia aquifer which caters for most of the water demand in thearea of Limassol, Cyprus. The data is provided over a three year period by theCyprus Water Development Department (WDD), the governmental department managingthe aquifer. Furthermore, based on our model, we subsequently develop anoptimised recharge strategy and identify the optimal recharge rates for adesired extracted water volume while the water table height is maintained atthe acceptable level. We study several scenarios of practical interest and wefind that we can achieve considerable water savings, compared to the currentempirical strategy followed by WDD. Additionally, we model the transport ofpollutants in the aquifer in the case of accidental leakage, using anadvection-diffusion equation. We find that in the case of an undetected andunhindered contamination (worst case scenario) the aquifer would get pollutedin about three years. Also, we find that double recharge rates flush thepollutant out of the aquifer faster. Finally, to incorporate the possibility ofsea water intrusion, which can render aquifers unusable, we develop a new,transient two-dimensional model of groundwater flow based on the Darcy-Brinkmanequations, and determine the position of the water table and theseawater-freshwater interface for conditions of drought, moderate rainfall andflooding. The validation of the new seawater intrusion modelling approach hasbeen carried out via comparison with a widely-accepted code.

Modelling and optimisation of water management in sloping coastal aquifers with seepage, extraction and recharge