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The exponential rise in small-satellites and CubeSats in Low Earth Orbit(LEO) poses important challenges for future space traffic management. Ataltitudes of 600 km and lower, aerodynamic drag accelerates de-orbiting ofsatellites. However, placement of satellites at higher altitudes required forconstellations pose important challenges. The satellites will require on-boardpropulsion to lower their orbits to 600 km and let aerodynamic drag take-over.In this work we analyze solutions for de-orbiting satellites at altitudes of upto 3000 km. We consider a modular robotic de-orbit device that has stowedvolume of a regular CubeSat. The de-orbit device would be externally directedtowards a dead satellite or placed on one by an external satellite servicingsystem. Our solutions are intended to be simple, high-reliability devices thatoperate in a passive manner, requiring no active electronics or utilizeexternal beamed power in the form of radio frequency, microwave or laser tooperate. Utilizing this approach, it is possible for an external, even groundbased system to direct the de-orbit of a spacecraft. The role of an externalsystem to direct the de-orbit is important to avoid accidental collisions. Someform of propulsion is needed to lower the orbit of the dead satellite ororbital debris. We considered green (non-toxic) propulsion methods includingsolar radiation pressure, solar-thermal propulsion using water steam,solar-electrolysis propulsion using water and use of electrodynamic tethers.Based on this trade-study we identify multiple solutions that can be used tode-orbit a spacecraft or orbital debris.

Advanced Inflatable De-Orbit Solutions for Derelict Satellites and Orbital Debris