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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a remarkably powerful diagnostictechnique: it generates wide-ranging information for the non-invasive study oftissue anatomy and physiology. Complementary data is normally obtained inseparate measurements, either as contrast-weighted images, which are fast andsimple to acquire, or as quantitative parametric maps, which offer an absolutequantification of underlying biophysical effects, such as relaxation times orflow. Here, we demonstrate how to acquire and reconstruct data in atransient-state with a dual purpose: 1 - to generate contrast-weighted imagesthat can be adjusted to emphasise clinically relevant image biomarkers;exemplified with signal modulation according to flow to obtain angiographyinformation, and 2 - to simultaneously infer multiple quantitative parameterswith a single, highly accelerated acquisition. This is a achieved byintroducing three novel elements: a model that accounts for flowing blood, amethod for sequence design that incorporates both parameter encoding and signalcontrast, and the reconstruction of temporally resolved contrast-weightedimages. From these images we simultaneously obtain angiography projections andmultiple quantitative maps. By doing so, we increase the amount of clinicallyrelevant data without adding measurement time, creating new dimensions forbiomarker exploration and adding value to MR examinations for patients andclinicians alike.

Designing contrasts for rapid, simultaneous parameter quantification and flow visualization with quantitative transient-state imaging