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Emerging transportation technologies, such as ride-hailing and autonomousvehicles, are disrupting the transportation sector and transforming publictransit. Some transit observers envision future public transit to be integratedtransit systems with fixed-route services running along major corridors andon-demand ridesharing services covering lower-density areas. A switch from aconventional fixed-route service model to this kind of integratedmobility-on-demand transit system, however, may elicit varied responses fromlocal residents. This paper evaluates traveler preferences for a proposedintegrated mobility-on-demand transit system versus the existing fixed-routesystem, with a particular focus on disadvantaged travelers. We conducted asurvey in two low-resource communities in the United States, namely, Detroitand Ypsilanti, Michigan. A majority of survey respondents preferred amobility-on-demand transit system over a fixed-route one. Based on orderedlogit model outputs, we found a stronger preference for mobility-on-demandtransit among males, college graduates, individuals who have never heard of orused ride-hailing before, and individuals who currently receive inferiortransit services. By contrast, preferences varied little by age, income, race,or disability status. The most important benefit of a mobility-on-demandtransit system perceived by the survey respondents is enhanced transitaccessibility to different destinations, whereas their major concerns includethe need to actively request rides, possible transit-fare increases, andpotential technological failures. Addressing the concerns of female riders andaccommodating the needs of less technology-proficient individuals should bemajor priorities for transit agencies that are considering mobility-on-demandinitiatives.

Mobility-on-demand versus fixed-route transit systems: an evaluation of traveler preferences in low-income communities