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The relation between a structure and the function running on that structureis of central interest in many fields, including computer science, biology(organ vs. function), psychology (body vs. mind), architecture (designs vs.functionality), etc. Our paper addresses this question with reference tocomputer science recent hardware and software advances, particularly in areasas robotics, AI-hardware, self-adaptive systems, IoT, CPS, etc. At themodelling, conceptual level, our main contribution is the introduction of theconcept of "virtual organism" (VO), to populate the intermediary level betweenrigid, slightly reconfigurable, hardware agents and abstract, intelligent,adaptive software agents. A virtual organism has a structure, resembling thehardware capabilities, and it runs low-level functions, implementing thesoftware requirements. The model is compositional in space (allowing thevirtual organisms to aggregate into larger organisms) and in time (allowing thevirtual organisms to get composed functionalities). Technically, the virtualorganisms studied here are in 2D and their structures are described by regular2D pattens; adding the time dimension, we conclude the VO model is in 3D. Byreconfiguration, an organism may change its structure to another structurebelonging to the same 2D pattern. We illustrate the VO concept with threeincreasingly more complex VOs: (1) a tree collector; (2) a feeding cell; and(3) a collection of connected feeding cells. We implemented a simulator fortree collector organisms and the quantitative results show reconfigurablestructures are better suited than fixed structures in dynamically changingenvironments. We briefly show how Agapia - a structured parallel, interactiveprogramming language where dataflow and control flow structures can be freelymixed - may be used for getting quick implementations for VO's simulation.

Adaptive virtual organisms: A compositional model for complex hardware-software binding