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In this paper, we explore the potential of server waiting before packettransmission in improving the Age of Information (AoI) in status updatesystems. We consider a non-preemptive queue with Poisson arrivals andindependent general service distribution and we incorporate waiting beforeserving in two packet management schemes: M/GI/1/1 and M/GI/1/$2^*$. InM/GI/1/1 scheme, the server waits for a deterministic time immediately after apacket enters the server. In M/GI/1/$2^*$ scheme, depending on idle or busysystem state, the server waits for a deterministic time before starting serviceof the packet. In both cases, if a potential newer arrival is captured existingpacket is discarded. Different from most existing works, we analyze AoIevolution by indexing the incoming packets, which is enabled by an alternativemethod of partitioning the area under the evolution of instantaneous AoI tocalculate its time average. We obtain expressions for average and average peakAoI for both queueing disciplines with waiting. Our numerical resultsdemonstrate that waiting before service can bring significant improvement inaverage age, particularly, for heavy-tailed service distributions. Thisimprovement comes at the expense of an increase in average peak AoI. Wehighlight the trade-off between average and average peak AoI generated bywaiting before serving.

Waiting before Serving: A Companion to Packet Management in Status Update Systems