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Telemedicine refers to the use of information and communication technology toassist with medical information and services. In health care applications, highreliable communication links between the health care provider and the desireddestination in the human body play a central role in designing end-to-end (E2E)telemedicine system. In the advanced health care applications, $\text{e.g.}$drug delivery, molecular communication becomes a major building block inbio-nano-medical applications. In this paper, an E2E communication linkconsisting of the electromagnetic and the molecular link is investigated. Thisparadigm is crucial when the body is a part of the communication system. Basedon the quality of service (QoS) metrics, we present a closed-form expressionfor the E2E BER of the combination of molecular and wireless electromagneticcommunications. \textcolor{black}{ Next, we formulate an optimization problemwith the aim of minimizing the E2E BER of the system to achieve the optimalsymbol duration for EC and DMC regarding the imposing delivery time fromtelemedicine services.} The proposed problem is solved by an iterativealgorithm based on the bisection method. Also, we study the impact of thesystem parameters, including drift velocity, detection threshold at thereceiver in molecular communication, on the performance of the system.Numerical results show that the proposed method obtains the minimum E2E biterror probability by selecting an appropriate symbol duration ofelectromagnetic and molecular communications.

End-to-End Performance Optimization in Hybrid Molecular and Electromagnetic Communications