English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Ice-templating produces materials with aligned, elongated pores viadirectional solidification of particle suspensions, sublimation of thesolidified fluid, and sintering of the particle walls. Most ice-templatingstudies utilize upward solidification techniques, where solid ice is located atthe bottom of the solidification mold, the liquid suspension is on top of theice, and the solidification front advances upward, against gravity. Liquidwater reaches its maximum density at 4{\deg}C; thus, liquid nearest the coldsource is less dense than warmer liquid above. The lower density liquid nearestthe cold source is expected to rise due to buoyancy, promoting convective fluidmotion during solidification. Here, we investigate the effect of solidificationdirection with respect to the direction of gravity on ice-templatedmicrostructures to study the role of buoyancy-driven fluid motion duringsolidification. We hypothesize that, for upward solidification, the convectivefluid motion that results from a liquid density gradient occurs near thesolidification front. For downward solidification, we expect that this fluidmotion occurs farther away from the solidification front. Aqueous suspensionsof TiO2 nanoparticles are solidified upward (against gravity, with ice onbottom and water on top), downward (water on bottom, ice on top), andhorizontally (perpendicular to gravity). Microstructural investigation ofsintered samples shows evidence of buoyancy-driven, convective fluid flowduring solidification for samples solidified upwards (against gravity),including tilting of the wall (and pore) orientation with respect to theinduced temperature gradient, ice lens defects, and radial macrosegregation.These features are not observed for downward nor horizontal solidificationconfigurations.

The effect of solidification direction with respect to gravity on ice-templated TiO2 micro-structures