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A new physical mechanism to achieve spin-to-orbital angular momentumconversion based on the interaction of an intense circularly polarized (CP)laser beam with a plane foil is presented and studied for the first time. Ithas been verified by both simulation and theoretical analysis that vortexharmonics carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are generated after arelativistic CP laser beam, even a Gaussian beam, impinges normally on a planefoil. The generation of this vortex harmonics is attributed to the vortexoscillation of the plasma surface driven harmonically by the vortexlongitudinal electric field of the CP beam. During the process of harmonicgeneration, the spin angular momenta of fundamental-frequency photons areconverted to OAM of harmonic photon because of the conservation of totalangular momentum. In addition, if an initially vortex beam or a spiral phaseplate is used, the OAM of harmonic photon can be more tunable and controllable.

Spin-to-Orbital Conversion of Angular Momentum in Harmonic Generation Driven by Intense Circularly Polarized Beam