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The observation of sub-grained cellular features in additively manufactured(AM)/selectively laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel components hasremained an interesting, though incompletely understood phenomenon. However,the recently observed correlation linking the presence of these features withsignificantly enhanced mechanical strength in SLM 316L materials has driven arenewed interest and effort toward elucidating the mechanism(s) by which theyare formed. To date, the dominant hypothesis, cellular solidification followedby dislocation-solute entanglement, remains incompatible with the ensemble ofreported observations from multiple independent studies. This effort offersdirect evidence of a previously unrecognized interaction of phenomena, that,when acting in concert, give rise to this commonly observed substructure. Thesephenomena include SLM-induced intrinsic strain-aging, Cottrell atmosphereformation, and twin-boundary enhanced mass diffusion to structural defects.

Intrinsic Strain Aging, $\Sigma 3$ Boundaries, and Origins of Cellular Substructure in Additively Manufactured 316L