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Chemical equilibrium is fully characterized by thermodynamics, while therates of chemical reactions can be calculated for ideal solutions by usingmass-action equations. The evaluation of the rates of reactions in a non-idealsystem is instead much more complex, even at equilibrium, being dependent onthe microscopic features of the interactions: no universal theory exist. Herewe propose a toy model to help students understand such complexity. It isformulated by means of statistical mechanics and aims at the evaluation of theexchange reaction rate at equilibrium. The toy model can be solved by thestudents, with various types of interactions, as an exercise. The results provethat no general rule connects the reaction rates to the thermodynamicquantities, such as the activity coefficients, dramatically proving thecomplexity and richness of the field.

A toy model solved by statistical mechanics for teaching reaction kinetics beyond ideality