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A new grayscale-based block scrambling image encryption scheme is presentedto enhance the security of Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) systems, which areused to securely transmit images through an untrusted channel provider. Theproposed scheme enables the use of a smaller block size and a larger number ofblocks than the conventional scheme. Images encrypted using the proposed schemeinclude less color information due to the use of grayscale images even when theoriginal image has three color channels. These features enhance securityagainst various attacks, such as jigsaw puzzle solver and brute-force attacks.Moreover, it allows the use of color sub-sampling, which can improve thecompression performance, although the encrypted images have no colorinformation. In an experiment, encrypted images were uploaded to and thendownloaded from Facebook and Twitter, and the results demonstrated that theproposed scheme is effective for EtC systems, while maintaining a highcompression performance.

Grayscale-Based Image Encryption Considering Color Sub-sampling Operation for Encryption-then-Compression Systems