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In this paper, a novel formulation for the power system state estimation isproposed, based on the recently introduced equivalent split-circuit formulationof the power flow problem. The formulation models the conventional and timesynchronized measurements simultaneously and contains a significantly lowerlevel of nonlinearity compared to the available hybrid state estimators. Theappropriate circuit models are derived for different types of measurements andintegrated into the existing circuit framework for the power flow problem. Aconstrained optimization problem is then formulated to estimate the states ofthe system in rectangular coordinates, while satisfying the circuit equationsand bounds on the measurement data. To further prove the concept and validatethe accuracy of the proposed formulation, several test cases are solved and theresults are presented and discussed.

An Equivalent Circuit Formulation for Power System State Estimation including PMUs