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Considering the widespread use of effective capacity in cross-layer designand the extensive existence of renewal service processes in communicationnetworks, this paper thoroughly investigates the effective capacity for renewalprocesses. Based on Z-transform, we derive exact analytical expressions for theeffective capacity at a given quality of service (QoS) exponent for both therenewal processes with constant reward and with variable rewards. Unlike priorliterature that the effective capacity is approximated with no many insightfuldiscussions, our expression is simple and reveals further meaningful results,such as the monotonicity and bounds of effective capacity. The analyticalresults are then applied to evaluate the cross-layer throughput for diversehybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) systems, including fixed-rate HARQ(FR-HARQ, e.g., Type I HARQ, HARQ with chase combining (HARQ-CC) and HARQ withincremental redundancy (HARQ-IR)), variable-rate HARQ (VR-HARQ) andcross-packet HARQ (XP-HARQ). Numerical results corroborate the analytical onesand prove the superiority of our proposed approach. Furthermore, targeting atmaximizing the effective capacity via the optimal rate selection, it isrevealed that VR-HARQ and XP-HARQ attain almost the same performance, and bothof them perform better than FR-HARQ.

Effective Capacity for Renewal Service Processes with Applications to HARQ Systems